alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a homodimeric enzyme class that has the ability dephosphorylation physiological. AP catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoesters into phosphoric acid which in turn catalyzes transfosforilasi. Thiazoles are nitrogen and sulfur-containing aromatic heterocycles AP regarded as effective inhibitors.

In this context, research papers currently presenting a successful synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro alkaline phosphatase inhibition potential new thiazole derivatives. Structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies conducted to determine the binding mode of the compound screened by the target site tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (h-TNAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (h-IAP). 5e compound was found to be a potent inhibitor of h-TNAP with IC50 of 0.17 ± 0.01 pM.

In addition, the compounds 5a and 5i are found to be very selective about the h-TNAP with IC50 values ​​of 0.25 ± 0.01 and 0.21 ± 0.02 pM pM, respectively. In the case of h-IAP inhibitor compound 5f is the most potent with IC50 value of 1.33 ± 0.10 pM. The most active compound is a molecular docking studies on the resort-TNAP h and h-IAP binding interactions to explore the possibility of enzyme-ligand complex. performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the overall stability of the protein in the apo and holo country.

Breast cancer is often characterized by calcification in mammography. Mechanisms for calcifications in breast cancer is not fully known. Understanding these mechanisms will improve diagnostic accuracy. Here, we show that calcification occurs and that alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity increased MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured using a cocktail containing osteogenic media.

Transcript microarray analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling were significantly involved, with the recruitment of placental alkaline phosphatase. Calcification and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was suppressed by placental alkaline phosphatase silencing using small interfering RNA. Inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is pressed phospho-c-Jun and placental alkaline phosphatase and resulted in the absence of calcification.

CEVO oxidase catalysis combines 4-mimetic with hexametaphosphate ion induced aggregation for sensing electrostatic photometry alkaline phosphatase activity

In this study, a new alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity colorimetric assay proposed by integrating the catalytic characteristics oxidase-mimicking nanoparticles CeVO4 with hexametaphosphate ion (HMPi) mediated electrostatic aggregation.

The CeVO4 nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic ability oxidase-mimetic to promote 3,3 ’, 5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation TMBox, offers significant changes from colorless to blue. After a small amount HMPi added, a strong electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged species HMPi and positively charged TMBox leads aggregation of the last product, produce eggplant HMPi-TMBox clot.

After the clot is filtered out, it turns out the reaction solution becomes almost colorless. When the ALP used to hydrolyze HMPi species in advance, electrostatic aggregation process is highly controllable, so that it retains the blue color CeVO4 catalyzed TMB solution.

Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
10R-10561	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 418.8
Description: Mouse monoclonal Alkaline Phosphatase antibody

Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
10R-3128	Fitzgerald	1 mg	EUR 289.2
Description: Mouse monoclonal Alkaline Phosphatase antibody

Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
10-3153	Fitzgerald	1 mg	EUR 249.6
Description: Mouse Monoclonal Alkaline Phosphatase antibody

Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
10-A11A	Fitzgerald	1 mg	EUR 198
Description: Mouse monoclonal Alkaline Phosphatase antibody

Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
10-A11B	Fitzgerald	1 mg	EUR 198
Description: Mouse monoclonal Alkaline Phosphatase antibody

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
BF0179	Affbiotech	200ul	EUR 540

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
F40345-0.4ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.4 ml	EUR 379

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
F44128-0.4ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.4 ml	EUR 379

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
F44129-0.4ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.4 ml	EUR 379

Alkaline Phosphatase
7-02509	CHI Scientific	1mg	Ask for price

Alkaline Phosphatase
7-02510	CHI Scientific	5mg	Ask for price

Alkaline Phosphatase
7-02511	CHI Scientific	35mg	Ask for price

Alkaline phosphatase
AT042	Unibiotest	1mg	EUR 1134

Alkaline Phosphatase-Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase Complex (APAAP) Antibody
abx415801-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 610.8

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCA0141-250	Biotium	250uL	EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), APC conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCAP0141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCAP0141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC610141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC610141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC680141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC680141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCR0141-250	Biotium	250uL	EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), RPE conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNUB0141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 250.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNUB0141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 549.6
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC430141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC430141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC470141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC470141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugated Antibody
C48608	SAB	100ul	EUR 476.4

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC400141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC400141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC880141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC880141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC810141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC810141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCP0141-250	Biotium	250uL	EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), PerCP conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNUM0141-50	Biotium	50uL	EUR 474
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), 1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC050141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC050141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC700141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC700141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC800141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC800141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCB0141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCB0141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC940141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC940141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC550141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC550141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCH0141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNCH0141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Placental alkaline phosphatase Antibody
49615-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 399.6

Placental alkaline phosphatase Antibody
49615-50ul	SAB	50ul	EUR 286.8

alkaline phosphatase (intestinal) antibody
22854-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 468

Human Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
32918-05111	AssayPro	150 ug	EUR 313.2

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPI) Antibody
20-abx101821	Abbexa	EUR 393.60 EUR 159.60 EUR 1062.00 EUR 543.60 EUR 326.40	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPI) Antibody
20-abx101822	Abbexa	EUR 493.20 EUR 159.60 EUR 1378.80 EUR 678.00 EUR 376.80	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Antibody
20-abx175316	Abbexa	EUR 1412.40 EUR 693.60	1 mg 200 ug

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Antibody
20-abx175317	Abbexa	EUR 1496.40 EUR 710.40	1 mg 200 ug

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Antibody
20-abx121265	Abbexa	EUR 360.00 EUR 526.80 EUR 226.80	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Placental alkaline phosphatase Antibody
abx139037-01mg	Abbexa	0.1 mg	EUR 393.6

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPP) Antibody
abx019006-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 410.4

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPL) Antibody
abx019007-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 410.4

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Antibody
abx020685-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	EUR 526.8

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Antibody
abx038456-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 469.2

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPI) Antibody
abx028323-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 627.6

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPI) Antibody
abx028323-80l	Abbexa	80 µl	EUR 343.2

Kir4.1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx445829-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 693.6

Phosphoserine Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448351-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 693.6

Phosphothreonine Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448352-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 693.6

Phosphotyrosine Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448424-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 693.6

Crotonaldehyde Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448597-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 828

Crotonaldehyde Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448615-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 828

KDEL Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448669-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

KDEL Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448687-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

KDEL Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448705-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

GRP94 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448723-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Ubiquitin Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448831-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 794.4

Ubiquitin Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448849-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 794.4

GST Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448867-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Ubiquitin Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448885-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 794.4

Metallothionein Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448903-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Metallothionein Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448921-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Metallothionein Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448939-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Tbj51 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448975-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

TbHsp70 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx448993-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

CBP Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449065-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

CBP Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449083-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

SMAD3 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449119-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

SFRP1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449317-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

PDGFB Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449407-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

BAD Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449461-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

BAD Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449479-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

CDKN2A Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449497-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

MEK1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449569-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

4EBP1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449605-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

LRP1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449659-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

LRP1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449677-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

SFRP2 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449695-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

DKK1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449713-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

FOXO1 Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449767-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

PDGFB Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449803-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Palladin Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449857-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

RICTOR Antibody (Alkaline Phosphatase)
abx449893-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 727.2

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC040141-100	Biotium	100uL	EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1) Antibody
BNC040141-500	Biotium	500uL	EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against Alkaline Phosphatase(V17.1), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
P06115	BosterBio	100uL	EUR 531.6
Description: Rabbit Polyclonal Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody. Validated in WB and tested in Human.

Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase antibody
STJ16100829	St John's Laboratory	100 µg	EUR 424.8

Alkaline phosphatase Antibody (placental)
R32610	NSJ Bioreagents	100 ug	EUR 419

Alkaline phosphatase Antibody (placental)
F54020-0.1ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.1 ml	EUR 379

Alkaline phosphatase Antibody (placental)
F40345-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 165

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody (placental)
F43061-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 165

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody (liver)
F44128-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 165

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody (liver)
F44129-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 165

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody (placental)
F44307-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 165

Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody
F44307-0.4ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.4 ml	EUR 379

Alkaline Phosphatase protein
30-1032	Fitzgerald	100 units	EUR 315.6
Description: Purified native Human Alkaline Phosphatase protein

Alkaline Phosphatase (Recombinant)
abx072020-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	EUR 1078.8

Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme
20-abx073006	Abbexa	EUR 276.00 EUR 1930.80 EUR 493.20	1 mg 30 mg 5 mg

SensiTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABH008	ScyTek Laboratories	8 ml	EUR 96

SensiTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABH015	ScyTek Laboratories	15 ml	EUR 117.6

SensiTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABH125	ScyTek Laboratories	125 ml	EUR 246

SensiTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABH500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 584.4

SensiTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABH999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 991.2

UltraTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABM008	ScyTek Laboratories	8 ml	EUR 130.8

UltraTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABM015	ScyTek Laboratories	15 ml	EUR 177.6

UltraTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABM125	ScyTek Laboratories	125 ml	EUR 504

UltraTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABM500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 1492.8

UltraTek Alkaline Phosphatase
ABM999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 2553.6

Alkaline Phosphatase Enhancer
APE125	ScyTek Laboratories	125 ml	EUR 94.8

Alkaline Phosphatase Enhancer
APE500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 117.6

Alkaline Phosphatase Enhancer
APE999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	EUR 156

anti-Alkaline Phosphatase
YF-PA10169	Abfrontier	50 ug	EUR 435.6
Description: Mouse polyclonal to Alkaline Phosphatase

anti-Alkaline Phosphatase
YF-PA10170	Abfrontier	100 ul	EUR 483.6
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Alkaline Phosphatase

anti-Alkaline Phosphatase
YF-PA10171	Abfrontier	100 ug	EUR 483.6
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Alkaline Phosphatase

Streptavidin (Alkaline Phosphatase)
XG-6187AP	ProSci	0.5 mg	EUR 508.92
Description: Streptavidin (Alkaline Phosphatase)

According to the new sensing strategy, analysis of a highly selective and sensitive ALP activity is realized, providing a wide detection range 1-210 U / L and a detection limit of 0.68 U / L. accurate measurement of ALP activity in serum matrix also clinically validated, demonstrate the practicality assay proposed in the practical application.